Before you practise: rules and examples
These topics cover this set, including review questions. Open the guide and refer to it while answering.
Je vais au café: the verb aller
Aller means to go. It is irregular: je vais, tu vas, il / elle va, nous allons, vous allez, ils vont.
Where to: à plus the article. À la gare, à l’hôtel, but à + le = au: je vais au café. And à + les = aux: aux toilettes.
Aller also asks how are you: Ça va ? — Ça va bien. And it says let’s go: On y va !
Je vais au café./ʒə vɛ o kafe/ — I’m going to the café.
Tu vas à la gare ?/ty va a la ɡaʁ/ — Are you going to the station?
Politeness and first phrases
In France, start an encounter with bonjour: in a shop, café or lift. Greet the person before making a request or asking a question.
Requests are softened with s'il vous plaît, and the answer to «thank you» is de rien.
If you didn't understand, say «Je ne comprends pas» straight away or ask the person to repeat.
bonjourbo(n)-zhoor — hello
merci beaucoupmair-see boh-koo — thank you very much
Numbers up to 100
Up to 69 everything is logical: vingt, trente, quarante, cinquante, soixante, with the units added on.
From 70 on, French arithmetic begins: 70 = 60 + 10 (soixante-dix), 80 = 4 × 20 (quatre-vingts), 90 = 4 × 20 + 10 (quatre-vingt-dix).
In 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 and 71 an et appears: vingt et un, soixante et onze. In 81 and 91 it doesn't: quatre-vingt-un.
Belgium and Switzerland keep it simple: they say septante (70) and nonante (90).
un, deux, trois, quatre, cinquh(n), duh, trwa, katr, se(n)k — 1–5
six, sept, huit, neuf, dixsees, set, weet, nuhf, dees — 6–10
J’ai vingt-cinq ans: the verb avoir
Avoir means to have. Forms: j’ai, tu as, il / elle a, nous avons, vous avez, ils ont. Before ai, je becomes j’.
J’ai une valise rouge: I have a red suitcase. Age uses avoir too: J’ai vingt-cinq ans, literally I have twenty-five years. Je suis vingt-cinq is a classic English speaker’s mistake.
Don’t mix up ils ont, they have, and ils sont, they are. Only the sound differs: ils‿ont with a z, ils sont with an s.
J’ai vingt-cinq ans./ʒe vɛ̃t sɛ̃k ɑ̃/ — I’m twenty-five.
Tu as un carnet ?/ty a ɛ̃ kaʁnɛ/ — Do you have a notebook?
À Paris, en France, au Canada
With cities use à: j’habite à Montréal, je vais à Paris. The same word means in and to.
With countries, look at the gender. Feminine (often ending in -e): en: en France, en Belgique. Masculine: au: au Canada, au Japon. Plural: aux: aux États-Unis.
Au is à + le merged. You can never say à le Canada, only au Canada. And aux is à + les.
J’habite à Montréal./ʒabit a mɔ̃ʁeal/ — I live in Montréal.
Je vais en France./ʒə vɛ ɑ̃ fʁɑ̃s/ — I’m going to France.
Ne… pas: the negative
The negative wraps around the verb: Je ne comprends pas, I don’t understand. Ne goes before the verb, pas after it.
Before a vowel ne becomes n’: Elle n’aime pas les couleurs tristes. In fast speech ne is often dropped (j’sais pas), but it is always written.
After a negative, un, une and des become de: J’ai une valise → Je n’ai pas de valise. Before a vowel: d’, pas d’argent.
Je ne comprends pas./ʒə nə kɔ̃pʁɑ̃ pa/ — I don’t understand.
Elle n’aime pas le gris./ɛl nɛm pa lə ɡʁi/ — She doesn’t like grey.
1. Je vais ___ café.
2. Nous ___ à Bruxelles.
3. What does this mean: bonsoir
4. What does this mean: au revoir
5. What does this mean: soixante
6. What does this mean: quatre-vingts
7. Build the phrase
How are you?
8. Build the phrase
I don't understand.
Review from Nº3These items appeared in the previous issue. See what has changed since then.
9. J’___ vingt-cinq ans.
10. Je vais ___ France.
11. Je n’ai pas ___ valise.